Beam Divergence Loss Mitigation in Free Space Optical Communication Channel Using Field of View Technique

Authors

  • Danasabe Gambo Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
  • Tekanyi A.M.S Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
  • Musa M.J. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
  • Al-Mustapha M.D Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
  • Ya’u I Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria

Keywords:

Fog, Rain, Beam divergence, BER, SNR

Abstract

A rapid advancement in the electronics and telecommunications industries has been observed. As a result, Communication gadgets are becoming more powerful and are more widely adopted. The demand for high data rate transmission is increasing. This has led to spectrum scarcity in Radio Frequency (RF) systems. Consequently, it is necessary to explore other technical means to meet the increasing demand for higher data rates. Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) is a promising technology that offers one of such means. However, the major technical challenge in the FSOC systems is that, their performance is limited by atmospheric impairments such as: absorption, scattering and turbulence caused by rain, cloud, snow, wind, dust, aerosol, and fog. This research is aimed to addressed beam divergence challenge due to fog and raindrop in a tropical climate using wider field of view technique (FoV). The result showed that, for the fog measurement using mini solar panel at the receiver, the system achieved higher SNR of 60 dB at corresponding BER of 10-4. While, with the photodiode, the system achieved an SNR of 38 dB at same BER. For the rain measurement the same procedure was adopted and the system achieved higher SNR of 90 dB and 58 dB at same BER utilizing both solar panel and photodiode respectively. The result showed that, the fog impairment attenuates optical signal more than of rain by 34 % averagely.

References

Alheadary W.G., (2018), Free Space Optics for 5G Backhaul Networks and Beyond, PhD. thesis, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 21 22. Retrieved from https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/handle/.on 15-10-2019.

Chan, V. W. S., (2006), Free space optical communications, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 4750–4762.

Chowdhury Z. M., Shahjalal Md., Hasan K. M., and Jang M.Y., (2019) The role of optical wireless communication technology in 5G/6G and IoT solution: prospects, direction, and challenges. In: Journal of applied science. (Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4367), 1-20.

Cisco (2022), Cisco Annual Internet Report, 2018 2023, white paper, on broadband, Wi- Fi, and mobile (3G, 4G, 5G) networking, 5 5 https://www. cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/executiveperspectives/annualinternetreport/white-paper.

Cisco (2020), Cisco Annual Internet Report, 2018 2023, white paper, Powering an inclusive future for all, 5 5 https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/annual-report/cisco-annual-report-summary-2020.pdf.

Clement J. (2020), Nigeria online usage penetration 2015 2025, statista, Statistics and Market Data on Online Demographics & Use. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/484918/internet-user-reach-nigeria/, on 12-07-2020.

Fang J., Shilin M.B., Yang X.G., Liu L., Zhang Y., & Hu. W., (2018), Polar code MIMO FSO communication over gamma turbulence channel with spatial correlated fading. Journal of optical communication networks, Optical society of America volume, 10(11), 915-923.

Ghassemlooy, Z., Popoola, W., and Rajbhandari, S., (2019), Optical Wireless Communications: System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB, 2nded. BocaRaton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Inc., 12 12.

Henniger H. & Wilfert O. (2010), An introduction to free space optical communication, journal of radio engineering, 19(2), 203 – 212. https://www.statista.com/statistics/183849/internetusers nigeria/. Retrieved on 31/01/23, 01:29am.

Ijaz M., Ghassemlooy Z., Perez J., Brazda V., and Fiser O. (2013a), Enhancing the Atmospheric Visibility and Fog Attenuation Using a Controlled FSO Channel, In: IEEE, Photonics Technology Letters, 25(13), 1262 – 1265.

Kashani M.A., Uysal M., and Kavehrad M., (2015), A novel statistical channel model for turbulence induced fading in free space optical systems, In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. IEEE, 1-10.

Kaushal H. and Kaddoum G. (2016), Optical Communication in Space: Challenge and Mitigation Techniques. In: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 1-41.

Kaushal H., Jain, V. K., & Kar, S., (2017). Free Space Optical Communication, Optical Networks, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. DOI:10.1007/978-81-322-3691-7, 41-49.

Kaushal H. and Kaddoum G. (2016), Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques. In: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 1-41.

Kaushal, H., & Georges, K., (2016). Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques. In: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.1553- 877X. 1 41. Retrieved from www.ieee.org/publications standards/publications, on 19-04-19.

Kedar D. and Arnon S. (2004). Urban optical wireless communication networks: the main challenges and possible solution. In: IEEE Journal of Optical communicate on, 52-57.

Mingjian, C., Ya, G., Jiangting L., Xiaotong, Z., And Lixin G., (2018), Inverse Gaussian gamma distribution model for turbulence-induced fading in free space optical communication. In Applied Optics, 57(12 / 20), Optical Society of America, 3031-3037.

Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) (2018), Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 2025. https://www.ncc.gov.ng/accessible/documents/880nigeriannationalbroadbandplan2020 2025/file, retrieved on 08/09/2020, at 10:30pm.

Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) (2020) An exploratory study on the challenges and survivability of ISP licensees in the Nigerian telecom sector, 5 5. Available at https://www.ncc. gov.ng/accessible/documents/978 study on the challenges and survivability of isp licensees in the Nigerian telecom sector/file Retrieved on 21-05-21.

Ren Y., Wang Z., Xie G., Li L., Willner A. J., Cao Y., Zhao Z., Yan Y., Ahmed N., Ashrafi N., Ashrafi S., Bock R., Tur M., And Willner A. E., (2016), Atmospheric turbulence mitigation in an OAM based MIMO free-space optical link using spatial diversity combined with MIMO equalization, Optics Letters, Vol. 41, No. 11, Optical Society of America. Pp. 2406-2409.

Sasu D. D., (2022) Number of internet users in Nigeria from 2018 to 2022, with forecasts from 2023 to 2027. Statistica,

Tohsing K., Klomkliang W., Masiri I., and Janiai S., (2017), An Investigation of Sky Radiance from the Measurement at a Tropical site, Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS2016). In: AIP Conference Proceedings 1810. 1-4.

Yau, I., Sani, S. M., Usman, A. D., Tekanyi, A. M. S., & Gambo, D. (2022b). Mitigating the Effect of Modal Dispersion of Plastic Optical Fibre. ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 9(4), 131-137

Yau, I., Sani, S. M., Usman, A. D., Tekanyi, A. M., Abba, A. M., & Gambo, D. (2022a). Enhancing the Transmission Performance of Step Index Plastic Optical Fiber. In 2022 5th Information Technology for Education and Development (ITED) 1-5. IEEE.

Yau, I., Sani, S. M., Usman, A. D., Tekanyi, A. M., Yaro, A. S., & Bello, H. (2021). Design of Radio Over Plastic Optical Fibre for Broadband Indoor Access Network. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(4), 358-362.

Published

2023-03-31

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1&2 (2023): Special Issue on Computing & Advances in Information Technology

Section

Articles