Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Physio-Mechanical Features of Calcium Sulfo-Phospho-Borate Glasses Containing Dy3+ Ions
Ibrahim Mohammed Danmallam, Suleiman Bashir Adamu and Ibrahim Bulus
Keywords: Dysprosium ions, Elastic moduli, Ultrasonic pulse-echo technique; Makishima Mackenzie, Rocherulle model.
Abstract
This study investigates the incorporation of varying amounts of Dy3+ into calcium sulfo-phospho-borate glass using the melt-quenching method. The resulting glasses were analyzed to explore how Dy3+ affects their physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the correlation between experimentally measured and theoretical mechanical features was examined. As the concentration of Dy3+ increased, the density of the glass rose from 3.387 to 3.646 g/cm3 , indicating network shrinkage and enhanced compactness. Ultrasonic velocities (both longitudinal and shear) were found to improve, ranging from 4565 to 4700 m/s and 2294 to 2359 m/s, respectively. Additionally, the elastic moduli (including Young’s modulus, longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus) increased with higher Dy3+ ion content. Experimental measurements of the elastic moduli aligned well with predictions from the Makishima-Mackenzie and Rocherulle models. Moreover, Poisson’s ratio decreased from 0.331 to 0.270, while Vickers hardness values increased from 2.009 to 4.517 GPa. These results underscore the necessity of calculating the ultrasonic and mechanical properties of the glasses. This investigation suggests that the studied glass holds potential for use in hard surface engineering applications.